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<td class="pageTitle" nowrap="true">Activity: 分析问题</td><td width="100%">
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<td valign="top">此活动帮助就要解决的问题达成一致，并提出关于高级别的解决方案的建议。</td>
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<td valign="top">Extends: <a href="./../../rup/capabilitypatterns/analyze_the_problem_67C3076B.html" guid="{554ECC71-6D6C-4ABD-B7CE-357973C63B9F}">分析问题</a></td>
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<td width="10" class="activeTab"><img src="./../../images/shim.gif" width="10" height="17" alt="" title=""></td><td nowrap="nowrap" class="activeTab">Description</td><td width="21"><img src="./../../images/tab_middle-a_i.gif" width="21" height="17" align="absmiddle" alt="" title=""></td><td nowrap="nowrap" class="tab"><a class="tab" id="TAB_WBS" href="./../../rup/capabilitypatterns/analyze_the_problem_21284906.html_wbs.html"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Work Breakdown Structure</span></a></td><td width="1"><img src="./../../images/tab_middle-i_i.gif" width="21" height="17" align="absmiddle" alt="" title=""></td><td nowrap="nowrap" class="tab"><a class="tab" id="TAB_TBS" href="./../../rup/capabilitypatterns/analyze_the_problem_21284906.html_tbs.html"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Team Allocation</span></a></td><td width="21"><img src="./../../images/tab_middle-i_i.gif" width="21" height="17" align="absmiddle" alt="" title=""></td><td nowrap="nowrap" class="tab"><a class="tab" id="TAB_WPBS" href="./../../rup/capabilitypatterns/analyze_the_problem_21284906.html_wpbs.html"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Work Product Usage</span></a></td><td width="21"><img src="./../../images/tab_end-i.gif" width="21" height="17" alt="" title=""></td><td width="50%"><img src="./../../images/shim.gif" width="10" height="17" alt="" title=""></td>
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<div class="sectionHeading">Purpose</div>
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<td class="sectionTableSingleCell">此活动的目的是就要解决的问题达成一致。问题分析包括确定项目干系人、定义系统边界和确定强加于系统的约束。</td>
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<div class="sectionHeading">Relationships</div>
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<th class="sectionTableHeading" scope="row">Parent Activities</th><td class="sectionTableCell">
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<li>
<a href="./../../rup/capabilitypatterns/develop_initial_vision_3F8DC79B.html" guid="_z0M80TUQEdqNn71iifr4xw">制定初始愿景</a>
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<div class="sectionHeading">Description</div>
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<p>
    任何问题分析的第一步是确保涉及的各方就需要由系统解决的问题或将由系统实现的机会达成一致。为了帮助避免误解，就将在整个项目范围内使用的通用术语达成一致是很重要的。应该从生命周期早期起，就在<a class="elementLink" href="./../../rup/workproducts/rup_glossary_A5D79A0C.html" guid="{3BF8CC04-9101-47A4-9473-C8205EA588B6}">词汇表</a>（将在整个项目生命周期内得到维护）中定义项目术语（请参阅<a class="elementLink" href="./../../rup/tasks/capture_common_vocabulary_9BA76DA7.html" guid="{962AC6BA-4ACA-4D7D-B56F-24558A026854}">获取常用词汇表 </a> ）。
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<p>
    为了充分理解需要处理的问题，了解项目概念愿景中的项目干系人是谁是很重要的。这些关键项目干系人应参与收集要考虑的一组功能，这些功能可以在<a class="elementLink" href="./../../rup/guidances/guidelines/requirements_workshop_EEF2B469.html" guid="4.234130639739827E-305">需求研讨会</a>上收集。然后可向功能分派属性，如理由、相对值或优先级、请求的源等等，这样就可以开始管理相关性和工作计划。
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<p>
    用以记录从问题分析中获得的信息的主要工件是<a class="elementLink" href="./../../rup/workproducts/rup_vision_2D6D6F1.html" guid="{417F089F-6636-451A-A8AB-AB4EAC7AC4F1}">愿景</a>，该工件确定要构建的系统的高级别用户或客户视图（请参阅<a class="elementLink" href="./../../rup/tasks/develop_vision_D9584F04.html" guid="{7069CFB7-77C3-4B44-B8A2-9CCA752BDDDA}">制定愿景</a>）。在愿景中，初始高级别需求确定了期望相应的解决方案将提供的关键<a class="elementLink" href="./../../rup/guidances/termdefinitions/feature_51388BDD.html" guid="_yJTKANnmEdmO6L4XMImrsA">特性（feature）</a>。这些功能通常表示为一组高级功能，为解决最关键问题，系统可能拥有这些功能。&nbsp;&nbsp;
</p>
<p>
    要确定项目的初始范围，必须就系统界限达成一致。<a class="elementLink" href="./../../rup/roles/rup_system_analyst_C3C9C9AC.html" guid="{F1F206DF-3AA0-4AC0-92EF-8E4A01B6C5B5}">系统分析人员</a>确定将与要开发的系统进行交互的用户和系统。系统的用户可以使用<a class="elementLink" href="./../../rup/workproducts/rup_usecase_model_EF15E534.html" guid="{9C66F2EC-EDEB-4369-9AFB-04B9E7CBCB8E}">用例模型</a>中的<a class="elementLink" href="./../../rup/workproducts/rup_actor_1F9CE9.html" guid="{0EEBBA43-F5C6-4594-9F06-65D99F7556DF}">参与者</a>表示（请参阅<a class="elementLink" href="./../../rup/tasks/find_actors_and_use_cases_1ACB35F0.html" guid="{3CD5FA7E-160C-4A39-9DEB-C6D162D8AECD}">查找参与者和用例</a>）。
</p>
<p>
    <a class="elementLink" href="./../../rup/workproducts/rup_requirements_management_plan_1CA2ED11.html" guid="{53CFF11F-D0DB-4C92-B4D8-90D46B0EE3DF}">需求管理计划</a>用于提供下列指导信息：应开发的需求工件、应管理的项目<a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../rup/guidances/concepts/types_of_requirements_528C097C.html" guid="5.360970653483052E-305">需求类型</a>、应收集的<a class="elementLink" href="./../../rup/workproducts/rup_requirements_attributes_EFE5ABAC.html" guid="{D0E2E7A1-4179-470E-AA18-419D5FEA275D}">需求属性</a>和将用于管理产品需求的需求<a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../rup/guidances/concepts/traceability_8F6B898D.html" guid="1.4005695544042474E-306">可跟踪性</a>的方法。预先制定此计划非常重要（请参阅<a class="elementLink" href="./../../rup/tasks/develop_rm_plan_89FFEB9A.html" guid="{97E25B86-33D4-4378-A3C8-D6DCFEF35A77}">Develop Requirements Management Plan</a>）。
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<div class="sectionHeading">Properties</div>
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<th class="sectionTableHeading" scope="row" id="property_Ongoing" abbr="Ongoing">Ongoing</th><td class="sectionTableCell" align="left" headers="property_Ongoing"><img width="20" height="15" alt="" title="" src="./../../images/indent.gif"></td>
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<th class="sectionTableHeading" scope="row" id="property_Optional" abbr="Optional">Optional</th><td class="sectionTableCell" align="left" headers="property_Optional"><img width="20" height="15" alt="" title="" src="./../../images/indent.gif"></td>
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<div class="sectionHeading">Staffing</div>
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<p>
参与分析问题的项目成员应是能干的协调人员，并具备查找深层次问题的技术经验。当然，能够熟悉目标技术是最好不过了，但这不是必需的。项目中各种<a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../rup/roles/rup_stakeholder_1011D446.html" guid="{7A4262EA-AB5B-431E-BB4A-3822FBF7F239}">项目干系人</a>所参与的活动是必需的。</p></td>
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<div class="sectionHeading">Usage</div>
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<th class="sectionTableHeading" scope="row" id="property_Usage Guidance" abbr="Usage Guidance">Usage Guidance</th><td class="sectionTableCell" headers="property_Usage Guidance"><p>
    该活动主要在项目的早期迭代中执行，在该项目中，需要了解正在处理什么问题。在先启阶段期间和精化阶段的早期，应多次重访此活动。&nbsp;
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<p>
    然后，在项目的整个生命周期中，当<a class="elementLinkWithUserText" href="./../../rup/capabilitypatterns/manage_changing_requirements_FF6AC18D.html" guid="{28B39D62-9D73-4254-9CB8-26CFA737D45E}">管理不可避免的变更</a>（这些变更将在您的项目中进行，以确保不断处理更正问题）时，应按照需要重访。
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